Heidi Anne E. Mesmer, PhD, is a Professor in Literacy in the School of Education at Virginia Tech. She has studied beginning reading materials, text difficulty, phonics, and struggling readers since 1999. Her research has appeared in Reading Research Quarterly, The Educational Researcher, Elementary School Journal, and Early Childhood Research Quarterly. She has written and directed eight grants aimed at improving reading instruction in K-5 classrooms. Dr. Mesmer is recent author of Alphabetics for Emerging Learners, as well as Letter Lessons and First Words: Phonics Foundations that Work, Teaching skills for complex text: Deepening reading in the classroom (Teachers College Press, 2016). She regularly consults with school districts, state departments of education, and publishers.